From the electron to the embedded system. Voltage, current, and reactance; diodes, transistors, and op amps; filters, oscillators, and power supplies; digital logic, microcontrollers, and FPGAs; motors, audio, and modular builds. Every concept derived from a problem, visualized, and made interactive.
The map: how theory, components, devices, circuits, and chips stack into a smart gadget.
Voltage, current, resistance, Ohm & Kirchhoff, AC & RMS, capacitors, inductors, reactance, resonance.
Wires, batteries, switches, relays, resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, and fuses.
Doping, the PN junction, diodes, rectifiers, Zeners, BJTs, MOSFETs, and thyristors.
LEDs and current limiting, photons & wavelength, photoresistors, solar cells, optoisolators.
Transducers, thermistors, RTDs, thermocouples, IC sensors, Hall effect, strain gauges, the divider.
Safety, multimeters, the oscilloscope, triggering, probes, breadboarding, and soldering.
The golden rules, virtual short, inverting/non-inverting gain, summers, integrators, comparators.
RC low/high-pass, decibels & Bode plots, filter order, bandpass & Q, Butterworth/Chebyshev/Bessel.
Positive feedback, the 555 astable & monostable, the diode trick, Wien-bridge, LC & crystal.
Rectify, filter, regulate. Ripple, the LM317, dropout, heat & efficiency, switching converters.
Binary & hex, logic gates, Boolean algebra, De Morgan, Karnaugh maps, adders, flip-flops, ADC/DAC.
A computer on a chip. Digital I/O & pull-ups, ADC, PWM, interrupts, serial (UART/I2C/SPI), Arduino.
PALs, CPLDs & FPGAs, the lookup table, configurable fabric, Verilog, and true parallel hardware.
DC motors, PWM speed control, the H-bridge, back-EMF & flyback, RC servos, and stepper motors.
Microphones, the decibel, preamps & the LM386, speakers as loads, crossovers, impedance bridging.
Compose, don't reinvent. Breakout boards, level shifting, bus sharing, power budgeting, the maker ecosystem.